Coalition documents gaps between renter wages and cost of rental housing

Published on: August 14, 2021

In no state, metropolitan area, or county can a full-time minimum-wage worker afford a modest two-bedroom rental home. Even a modest one-bedroom apartment is beyond the means of these workers in 93% of U.S. counties, according to Out of Reach 2021: The High Cost of Housing report.

Researchers ranked Washington as the seventh most expensive state based on a comparison of “housing wages” for a two-bedroom fair market rental (FMR). Workers in the Evergreen State need to earn $29.31 per hour for such a home. California topped the list with its $39.03 housing wage. Arkansas was found to be the least expensive; workers there need a housing wage of $14.60.

Selected States Ranked by 2-bedroom Housing Wage

State	Hourly wage needed for 2 BR FMR	2 BR FMR	Annual Income Needed for 2BR FMR	Full-time jobs at minimum wage needed	Annual Area Median Income	Monthly rent affordable at 30% of AMI	% of rental households	Est. hourly mean wage (2021)	Full-time jobs and mean renter wage to afford 2 BR FMR
WA	$29.31	$1,524	$60,966	2.1	$95,767	$718	37%	$22.94	1.3
CA	$39.03	$2,030	$81,191	2.8	$94,162	$706	45%	$24.89	1.6
OR	$25.14	$1,307	$52,296	2.0	$82,412	$618	38%	$17.30	1.5
ID	$17.36	$903	$36,116	2.4	$68,851	$516	30%	$13.62	1.3

Source: National Low Income Housing Coalition

The comprehensive 291-page report from the National Low Income Housing Coalition (NLIHC) compares the wages people earn and the price of decent rental housing in every state, metropolitan area, and county in the United States. Researchers calculate the “housing wage” as the estimated full-time hourly wage workers must earn to afford a decent rental home at HUD’s Fair Market Rent while spending no more than 30% of the income on housing costs.  

Nationwide, the housing wage is $24.90 per hour to afford a modest two-bedroom rental home. NLIHC noted that is $17.65 higher than the federal minimum wage of $7.25, and $6.12 higher than the national average hourly wage of $18.78 earned by renters.

In a news release summarizing the findings, the Coalition called the pandemic an economic catastrophe for many households, emphasizing housing affordability for low-wage workers disproportionately impacts people of color.

Among key findings NLIHC revealed were:

• Over 7.5 million extremely low-income renters are severely housing cost-burdened, spending more than half of their incomes on housing. Such cost burdens lead too often to housing instability and homelessness;
• More than 226,000 people in the U.S. experienced homelessness on sidewalks or other unsheltered locations on a given night in 2020;
• Another 354,000 people experienced homelessness in emergency shelters, with limited ability to self-isolate;
• More than 2.7 million renters live in overcrowded housing conditions, making social distancing from an infected housemate all but impossible.

The news release also stated: “Throughout the pandemic, millions of renters were at grave risk of contracting and spreading the virus as they struggled to pay their bills and stay in their homes, and many accumulated rental debt. One reason the pandemic was also an economic catastrophe for so many households is because, even before the pandemic, they could not afford their homes.”

People of color were disproportionately hard hit during the pandemic, which NLIHC said is a consequence of “historic and continuing racist housing policies and practices.” Black and Latino workers earn less than their white counterparts, and households of color are more likely to spend more than 30% of their incomes on housing. According to the “Out of Reach” report, 41% of Latino and 43% of Black households are cost-burdened, while only 25% of white households are in this category.

“Housing is a basic human need and should be regarded an unconditional human right,” said NLIHC President and CEO Diane Yentel. “With the highest levels of job losses since the Great Depression and an ongoing global pandemic, low-income workers and communities of color were disproportionately harmed. The enduring problem of housing unaffordability requires bold investments in housing solutions that will ensure stability in the future. Without a significant federal intervention, housing will continue to be out of reach for millions of renters.”

The Coalition believes millions of renters will continue to struggle even if the economy recovers rapidly and completely from the downturn caused by the pandemic.

NLIHC and its partners outlined four specific actions by Congress to alleviate the rental housing affordability crisis:

1. Congress should expand access to rental assistance to every eligible household in need. Universal rental assistance could be provided by fully funding the Housing Choice Voucher program. 
2. Congress must expand the supply of affordable rental housing to the lowest-income people with significant increases in capital investments. An annual investment of at least $45 billion into the national Housing Trust Fund (HTF) is needed to create, preserve, or rehabilitate homes for renters with extremely low incomes.
3. Congress needs to create a permanent National Housing Stabilization Fund to provide emergency assistance to families who experience a sudden and temporary shock to their finances.
4. Congress must strengthen and enforce renter protections: to prohibit discrimination against voucher holders, ensure the right to counsel during evictions, and create just-eviction protections.

The National Low Income Housing Coalition, founded in 1974, is a nonprofit organization that aims to expand and preserve housing for people with extremely low incomes. It seeks to achieve socially just public policy to ensure people with the lowest incomes in the U.S. have affordable and decent homes.